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Karakteristik mental dan emosional anak disabilitas berdasarkan strength and difficulties questionairre di Yayasan Pendidikan Anak Cacat (YPAC) Jimbaran, Bali



Abstract

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Anak-anak penyandang disabilitas berpotensi untuk menjalani kehidupan secara penuh dan berkontribusi pada aspek sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi. Anak disabilitas dihadapkan dengan berbagai macam masalah, tidak hanya keterbatasan fisik tetapi juga masalah kesehatan mental dan emosional yang dapat menghambat pendidikan dan kehidupan bermasyarakat.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan nilai SDQ pada anak dengan disabilitas di Yayasan Pendidikan Anak Cacat (YPAC) Jimbaran Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara convenient sampling selama bulan Februari 2018.

Hasil: Lelaki lebih banyak dari perempuan dengan jumlah 21 orang (66%). Lima orang berada pada kelompok usia anak (16%) dan 27 orang berada pada kelompok usia remaja (84%). Berdasarkan riwayat kelahiran, 26 orang (81%) dengan riwayat kelahiran cukup bulan. Pendidikan ayah dan ibu terbanyak pada tingkat SMA. Berdasarkan penghasilan orang tua, terbanyak pada tingkat menengah sebanyak 19 orang (59%). Nilai kesulitan total menunjukkan jumlah terbanyak pada kategori abnormal yaitu sebanyak 16 orang (50%), sedangkan nilai kekuatan (prososial) terbanyak pada kategori normal yaitu sebanyak 22 orang (69%). Dari keempat subskala pada nilai kesulitan total, 20 dari 32 orang dengan masalah emosional (62%), 15 dari 32 orang (47%) dengan masalah conduct dan juga masalah teman sebaya, hanya 8 dari 32 orang (25%) memiliki masalah hiperaktifitas.

Simpulan: Sebagian besar anak penyandang disabilitas di YPAC Jimbaran Bali memiliki nilai kesulitan pada kategori abnormal, namun mereka masih memiliki nilai kekuatan (prososial)  berada pada kategori normal.

 

Abstract

Introduction: Children with disability have a potential to have a complete life and contribute wholly in social, cultural, and economy aspects. They are faced a wide range of issues, not only do they have physical limitations, but also bound to mental and emotional problems.

Method: A descriptive study with cross-sectional design at Yayasan Pendidikan Anak Cacat Jimbaran Bali was done to know the characteristics of mental and emotional in children with disability based on Strength and Difficulties Questionairre.

Result: This study results found that male was more than female with 21 students (21/32). Five students were in the age group of childhood (6-9 years-old) and 27 were in the adolescent groups (6-11 years-old). Based on birth history, 26 (26/32) were term babies. Most fathers and mothers’ education were at the senior high school level. Based on the parents’ income, 19 children mostly were categorized as middle economic level (19/32). The value of the total difficulties indicated the number of abnormal categories as many as 16 children (16/32), while the value of strength (prosocial) most normal category as many as 22 children (22/32). Of the four subscales on the value of difficulties in total, 20 of 32 children were with emotional problems, 15 of 32 children were with conduct and peer problems. Only 8 out of 32 children had hyperactivity problems.

Conclusion: Based on these results, we can conclude that the majority of children with disability had difficulties score on the abnormal category, but score of strength were on the normal category.


Keywords: anak disabilitas SDQ

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How to Cite

Liwan, A. S., IGA, T. W., IGAN, S. A., & ., S. (2019). Karakteristik mental dan emosional anak disabilitas berdasarkan strength and difficulties questionairre di Yayasan Pendidikan Anak Cacat (YPAC) Jimbaran, Bali. Medicina, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.15562/medicina.v50i3.599
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Armand Setiady Liwan
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Trisna Windiani IGA
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Sugitha Adnyana IGAN
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